Opioid Use Treatment and Recovery Services During Pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The maternal and neonatal consequences of not receiving treatment for opioid use disorders (OUDs) is well known. To prevent adverse outcomes and provide appropriate treatment and services, it is imperative to understand factors influencing pregnant women with OUDs to seek treatment. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to identify barriers and facilitators related to opioid use treatment and recovery services among pregnant and nonpregnant women who misuse opioids. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), using 2016, 2017, and 2018 NSDUH data. Sample included 122 pregnant and 3,305 nonpregnant women who misused opioids. RESULTS: Significant associations were noted among women who misused opioids (n = 3,427); age (χ2 = 25.406, p < .001), race/ethnicity (likelihood ratio [LR] = 17.721, p < .007), geographic location (χ2 = 7.585, p < .023), health insurance (LR = 13.909, p < .016), tobacco use within the past year (χ2 = 7.058, p = .008), and alcohol use within the past month (χ2 = 76.783, p < 0.001), 3.3% pregnant and 1.8% nonpregnant women who misuse opioids perceive a need to obtain treatment; 10.7% pregnant and 6.5% nonpregnant women currently receiving treatment for opioid misuse. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklist was used to develop the study. CONCLUSIONS: It is our responsibility to equally focus efforts on understanding the construct of perceived need and help seeking behaviors among pregnant women, as well as, deploy known techniques to engage them in recovery. Further research is necessary to explore the construct of perceived need in this population, as well as, strategies to increase engagement.

Effectiveness of a Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Residency Program on Retention.

BACKGROUND: Nurse residency programs (NRPs) provide new graduate nurses (NGNs) with social support and experiential activities as a formal transition to clinical practice. AIMS: The study was conducted to answer the question: What is the effectiveness of an NRP in retaining NGNs in a psychiatric-mental health setting? METHOD: This study used a quantitative time-sequenced comparative study of multiple cohorts of NGNs hired into an NRP at a freestanding hospital in California. RESULTS: The study yielded a turnover rate of 11.7% in Year 1 (88.3% retention) and 2.9% in Year 2 (97.1% retention rate), which are lower than reported turnover rates (17.5% and 33.5%, respectively). Significant correlations are described in the workplace domains of knowledge and skills, social support, organizational citizenship behavior, civility, coping self-efficacy, organizational and occupational commitment, person-organizational fit, and burnout. CONCLUSIONS: NRPs are effective in attracting and retaining competent, confident NGNs in psychiatric-mental health nursing.